| Muscles Acting On The Hip |
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Origin |
Insertion |
Innervation |
Action |
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| GLUTEAL REGION: |
| Piriformis |
Anterior surface of sacrum |
Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur |
Branches from S1 – S2 |
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint & abducts flexed femur at hip joint |
| Obturator internus |
Anterolateral wall of true pelvis, deep surface of obturator membrane & surrounding bone |
Medial side of greater trochanter of femur |
Nerve to obturator internus (L5 – S1) |
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint & abducts flexed femur at hip joint |
| Gemellus superior |
External surface of ischial spine |
Along length of superior surface of the obturator internus tendon, & into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon |
Nerve to obturator internus (L5 – S1) |
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint & abducts flexed femur at hip joint |
| Gemellus inferior |
Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity |
Along length of inferior surface of the obturator internus tendon, & into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon |
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 – S1) |
Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint & abducts flexed femur at hip joint |
| Quadratus femoris |
Lateral aspect of the ischium just anterior to the greater trochanter |
Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur |
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 – S1) |
Laterally rotates the hip |
| Gluteus minimus |
External surface of ilium between inferior & anterior gluteal lines |
Linear facet on the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter |
Superior gluteal nerve (L4 – S1) |
Abducts the hip, prevents pelvic drop on the opposite side when walking, medially rotates the hip |
| Gluteus medius |
External surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines |
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter |
Superior gluteal nerve (L4 – S1) |
Abducts hip joint, prevents pelvic drop on the opposite side when walking, medially rotates the hip |
| Gluteus maximus |
Fascia covering gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx |
Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata & gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur |
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5 – S2) |
Extension of flexed femur at hip joint, lateral stabiliser of hip & knee joint, laterally rotates & abducts hip |
| Tensor fasciae latae |
Lateral aspect of crest of ilium between ASIS & tubercle of crest |
Iliotibial tract of fascia lata |
Superior gluteal nerve (L4 – S1) |
Stabilises the knee in extension. Abducts & internally rotates the hip joint |
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| ANTERIOR MUSCLES: |
| Psoas major |
Posterior abdominal wall |
Lesser trochanter of femur |
Anterior rami (L1 – L3) |
Flexes the hip |
| Iliacus |
Posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa) |
Lesser trochanter of femur |
Femoral nerve (L2 – L3) |
Flexes the hip |
| Rectus femoris |
One head originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine; one head originates from the ilium just superior to the acetabulum |
Quadriceps tendon |
Femoral nerve (L2 – L4) |
Flexes the hip joint & Extension of the knee |
| Sartorius |
Anterior superior iliac spine |
Anterior surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity |
Femoral nerve (L2 – L3) |
Flexes the hip joint & flexes the knee |
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| MEDIAL MUSCLES: |
| Gracilis |
External surface of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus & the ramus of the ischium |
Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia |
Obturator nerve (L2 – L3) |
Adducts the hip joint & flexes the knee joint |
| Pectineus |
Pectineal line & adjacent bone of pelvis |
Oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur |
Femoral nerve (L2 – L3) |
Adducts & flexes hip joint |
| Adductor longus |
External surface of body of pubis |
Linea aspera on middle 1/3 of shaft of femur |
Obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2 – L4) |
Adducts & medially rotates hip joint |
| Adductor brevis |
External surface of body of pubis & inferior public ramus |
Posterior surface of proximal femur & upper 1/3 of linea aspera |
Obturator nerve (L2 – L3) |
Adducts hip joint |
| Adductor magnus |
Adductor part: ischiopubic ramus |
Adductor part: Posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line |
Adductor part: Obturator nerve (L2 – L4) |
Adducts & medially rotates the hip |
| Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity |
Hamstring part: Adductor tubercle & supracondylar line |
Hamstring part: Sciatic nerve (tibial division) (L2 – L4) |
| Obturator externus |
External surface of obturator membrane & adjacent bone |
Trochanteric fossa |
Obturator nerve (posterior division) (L3 – L4) |
Externally rotates the hip |
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| POSTERIOR MUSCLES: |
| Biceps femoris |
Long head: inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity |
Head of fibula |
Sciatic nerve (L5 – S2) |
Flexes the knee joint, extends & laterally rotates the hip joint & laterally rotates the knee joint |
| Short head: Lateral lip of linea aspera |
| Semitendinosus |
Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity |
Medial surface of proximal tibia |
Sciatic nerve (L5 – S2) |
Flexes the knee, extends the hip, medially rotates the hip joint & knee joint |
| Semimembranosus |
Superolateral part of the ischial tuberosity |
Groove & adjacent bone on medial & posterior surface of medial tibial condyle |
Sciatic nerve (L5 – S2) |
Flexes the knee, extends the hip, medially rotates the hip joint & knee joint |
